Ecosystem indicators for measuring industrial symbiosis

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is a collaborative approach among firms involving physical exchanges of materials, energy, and wastes, which creates economic advantages for environmental benefits the society. In this paper, we adopt an ecosystem to conceptualize network involved in IS relationships (ISN), terms organisms (firms), functions (waste exchange), services (environmental benefits), provide new insight on how assess compute performance indicators. particular, designed five classes indicators aimed at assessing 1) impact provided by ISNs environment, 2) ISN services, 3) single contribute 4) functions, 5) functions. A numerical example also discussed showing them information they provide. The proposed are useful develop proper strategies increase efficiency system exploiting synergies, improve symbiotic carried out ISNs, identify contributing most benefits. Hence, may assist managers policymakers decision-making aspects, urgent need literature.